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The Double Non-Helix At first the "double helix" was merely error. |
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W-C twisted structure in |
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DNA structure in living systems: non-helical! |
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James Watson said, publicly, "All our social policies are based on the fact that [African people's] intelligence is the same as ours – whereas all the testing says not really". He was immediately fired from the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory he had made famous. Above and beyond the question of whether his belief is true or false, the larger question is whether the word of anyone with such poor judgment should be taken seriously in any setting. |
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The Plain and Simple Truth Fact: the circular single strands of a double-stranded circular plasmid or viral chromosome can be separated, intact, without breaking either one open. Furthermore, the separated strands can be re-annealed to give the native duplex structure with all its properties restored:
Neither of these things would be possible if circular DNA had the Watson-Crick twisted structure:
The fact that scientists choose to ignore this does not make it any less true. The historical record confirms that in the days of Galileo, scientists - and even the Pope himself - knew that the earth was not the center of the universe. They deliberately chose to ignore it. We thus learn that extreme stupidity reigns supreme today, just as it did centuries ago. There is no enlightenment. But there is greed.
The Disease Behold the enemy of truth, who couldn't care less about the structure of the DNA flung into one side of his money-making vat, as long as dollars keep pouring out the other side. The fact that the science of intranuclear DNA-protein structure is at a complete standstill doesn't bother him in the slightest:
The Antedote: Learn the Truth! The moment John Cairns discovered that the E. coli chromosome was circular, the Watson-Crick structure suddenly became an unlikely one for living systems . That was way back in 1963, only 10 years after the publication of the world-famous Nature article on the "double-helix" structure. Consider that the E. coli chromosome contains 4 million base pairs, which, if twisted up into the Watson-Crick helix, would consist of 400,000 helical turns. During cell division, each and every one of those turns must be unwound and re-wound, sometimes in as little as 20 minutes. That means that the chromosome, in log phase, spins at 20,000 rpm continuously! That's 20 times faster than an electric drill! How did the molecular biology "establishment" of 1963 react to this idiotic presumption? Instead of considering the possibility that DNA, in living systems, where it is inevitably complexed with highly-conserved basic protein, might, just might have a different structure than DNA in synthetic, artifactually-deproteinized crystals, they chose, rather deliberately, to all-but-forbid discussion of any structure other than the "double-helix". Why? Because, in the spiritual realm, DNA had become - in only 10 short years - a quasi-religious icon, like a "sacred cow", not to be touched. In the financial realm, the Watson-Crick structure had also provoked a torrential flow of research dollars, and any serious criticism might have interfered with the flow of the only "truth" that really matters to "modern" scientists - money. So what did they do? They proceeded to confabulate excuses to explain the alleged lightening-fast unwinding and re-winding of DNA during cell replication. The first such excuse was the "swivel", a totally hypothetical mechanism, something like an automobile universal joint, which provided a theoretical point about which DNA could spin at 20,000 rpm. I do not object to the proposal of a "swivel", but to do so while forbidding the discussion of non-helical structures - which require no unwinding in the first place - is fraud. At the present time, a host of enzymes which have the power - in theory at least - to discontinuously wind and unwind DNA during replication, a short segment at a time, have been discovered and characterized. But do these enzymes really do what they are presumed to do during normal reproduction? Isn't it possible that their winding/unwinding activities are actually employed principally in repair, recombination, and/or transcription? The "establishment" will tell you they know the answers to these questions, but I will tell you that they cannot answer them, because they have deliberately chosen to make themselves dumb. They live in a fool's paradise of helical pseudo-perfection, where everything is twisted up into beautiful but impossible knots, which could never function biologically in the real world. See The Double Non-Helix, Part I & Part II The facts about DNA structure have now been assembled into a 2-disk set of PowerPoint presentations. Part I, which runs 3 hours in length, describes the history of DNA topology. Part II, which runs over an hour, describes the structure of the protamine-DNA complex in minute detail, and shows the incontrovertible logic from which it was derived. From these presentations you will learn the following: Click a CD case to
You do not need to purchase the CDs to learn about this subject. Much of their content is on the Not-A-Helix web site. |
